Top AI Tools for Teachers.

Top AI Tools for Teachers,

Why AI is Transforming Education.

The Rise of AI in Classrooms.

Walk into a modern classroom today, and you’ll notice something subtle yet powerful happening behind the scenes artificial intelligence is quietly reshaping how teaching and learning unfold. What once required hours of manual work lesson planning, grading, content creation can now be streamlined with just a few clicks. This isn’t some futuristic fantasy anymore; it’s the reality teachers are navigating right now.

The adoption of AI tools for teachers has surged dramatically over the past few years. According to recent education technology reports, over 60% of educators globally have experimented with at least one AI-powered tool in their workflow.

 That’s not just a trend it’s a shift in how education operates at its core. Why? Because AI doesn’t just automate tasks; it enhances decision-making, personalizes learning, and frees up time for what really matters connecting with students.

Think of AI as a teaching assistant that never gets tired. Need to generate a lesson plan at midnight? It’s there. Want to analyze student performance trends? Done in seconds. The rise of tools like ChatGPT, Quizizz AI, and Grammarly has made it easier than ever for educators to focus less on repetitive tasks and more on creativity and student engagement.

But here’s the interesting part AI isn’t replacing teachers. It’s amplifying them. It’s like giving every educator a superpower: the ability to scale their impact without burning out. And in a profession where time is always in short supply, that’s a game-changer.

Benefits of AI for Teachers and Students.

So, what’s actually in it for teachers and students? Is AI just another shiny tool, or does it genuinely make a difference? The answer lies in how it transforms everyday classroom experiences into something far more efficient and engaging.

For teachers, the most obvious benefit is time-saving automation. Tasks like grading assignments, generating quizzes, and even drafting emails to parents can be handled by AI tools in minutes. Imagine reclaiming hours every week time that can be reinvested into improving lesson quality or simply reducing stress. It’s like finally getting breathing room in a job that rarely offers it.

Students, on the other hand, benefit from personalized learning experiences. AI can analyze individual performance and adapt content to match each learner’s pace and style. Struggling with math? AI tools can provide targeted exercises. Excelling in reading? They can introduce more advanced material. This level of customization was nearly impossible to achieve at scale before.

There’s also the engagement factor. Tools like Kahoot and Curipod use AI to create interactive, game-like learning environments that make students actually want to participate. And let’s be honest getting students excited about learning is half the battle.

Another underrated advantage is data-driven insights. AI doesn’t just collect data; it interprets it. Teachers can quickly identify which students need help, which topics are confusing, and what teaching methods are working best. It’s like having a built-in analytics dashboard for your classroom.

In essence, AI bridges the gap between efficiency and effectiveness. It doesn’t just make teaching easier it makes it smarter. And in a world where education needs to evolve rapidly, that’s exactly what teachers need.

How to Choose the Right AI Tools for Teaching.

Key Features to Look For.

Choosing the right AI tools for teachers can feel a bit like walking into a massive tech store without a shopping list everything looks promising, but not everything fits your needs. The truth is, not all AI tools are created equal, and picking the wrong one can waste both time and energy.

The first thing to consider is ease of use. If a tool requires hours of training just to get started, it’s probably not worth the effort. Teachers already juggle countless responsibilities, so the ideal AI tool should feel intuitive almost like it reads your mind. Tools like ChatGPT and Grammarly excel in this area because they’re designed with user-friendliness at their core.

Next comes functionality. What exactly do you need the tool to do? Are you looking for help with lesson planning, grading, or student engagement? Some tools specialize in one area, while others offer a broader range of features. For instance, Curipod is fantastic for interactive lessons, while Gradescope shines in automated grading.

Another crucial feature is integration. The best AI tools don’t operate in isolation they seamlessly connect with platforms you’re already using, like Google Classroom or Microsoft Teams. This reduces friction and makes adoption much smoother.

Don’t overlook customization options either. A good AI tool should adapt to your teaching style, not the other way around. Whether it’s adjusting tone, difficulty level, or content format, flexibility is key.

Finally, consider data security and privacy. With increasing concerns around student data, it’s essential to choose tools that comply with regulations and protect sensitive information. Trust is non-negotiable in education.

In short, the right AI tool should feel less like a gadget and more like a reliable partner one that simplifies your workflow while enhancing your teaching impact.

Budget and Accessibility Considerations.

Let’s talk about the elephant in the room cost. While many AI tools promise incredible benefits, not all of them come cheap. For teachers working within tight budgets, this can be a major deciding factor.

The good news? A significant number of AI tools for teachers offer free versions or affordable pricing tiers. Tools like ChatGPT, Quizizz, and Grammarly provide robust free plans that are more than enough for everyday use. This means you don’t have to break the bank to start integrating AI into your classroom.

However, it’s important to understand what you’re getting with free versus paid plans. Free versions often come with limitations restricted features, usage caps, or fewer customization options. Paid plans, on the other hand, unlock advanced capabilities like deeper analytics, team collaboration, and priority support.

Accessibility goes beyond cost. It’s also about device compatibility and internet requirements. Some AI tools work seamlessly across smartphones, tablets, and laptops, while others are more limited. If your classroom relies on shared or older devices, you’ll want tools that are lightweight and easy to run.

Another factor is language support and inclusivity. Does the tool cater to diverse student needs? Can it support different learning styles or languages? These details can make a big difference in how effective the tool is in a real classroom setting.

Ultimately, the goal is to find a balance between affordability and functionality. The best tool isn’t necessarily the most expensive one it’s the one that fits your specific teaching context and delivers consistent value.

Best AI Tools for Lesson Planning.

ChatGPT for Lesson Creation.

If there’s one tool that has completely reshaped how teachers approach lesson planning, it’s ChatGPT. Think of it as that ultra-reliable colleague who’s always available whether it’s early morning or late at night and never runs out of ideas. For educators juggling multiple classes, subjects, and student needs, this kind of support isn’t just helpful it’s transformative.

Creating lesson plans used to be a time-intensive process involving research, structuring, and constant tweaking. With ChatGPT, teachers can generate complete lesson outlines, objectives, activities, and even assessments within minutes. You simply provide a topic, grade level, and learning goals, and the AI delivers a structured plan that you can refine. It’s not about replacing your expertise it’s about accelerating it. You still bring the context, creativity, and classroom understanding; ChatGPT just speeds up the groundwork.

One of the most powerful aspects of ChatGPT is its adaptability. Need differentiated instruction for mixed-ability learners? It can create multiple versions of the same lesson tailored to different skill levels. Want to align with specific standards like Common Core? It can incorporate those seamlessly. It’s like having a curriculum designer built into your workflow.

Teachers are also using ChatGPT for brainstorming creative teaching strategies. Stuck on how to explain a complex concept? Ask for analogies, real-world examples, or interactive activities. It’s particularly useful for making lessons more engaging and relatable turning abstract ideas into something students can actually connect with.

However, it’s important to use it wisely. AI-generated content should always be reviewed and adjusted to match your students’ needs and your teaching style. Think of ChatGPT as a draft generator, not the final authority. When used thoughtfully, it becomes one of the most versatile AI tools for teachers, helping you reclaim time while enhancing lesson quality.

Access Here: https://chat.openai.com

Curipod for Interactive Lessons.

While ChatGPT excels at generating content, Curipod takes things a step further by turning lessons into interactive experiences. In today’s classrooms, engagement isn’t optional it’s essential. Students are used to dynamic, digital environments, and static lectures often struggle to hold their attention. Curipod bridges that gap beautifully.

Curipod allows teachers to create interactive slides, polls, quizzes, and open-ended questions powered by AI. Instead of passively listening, students actively participate throughout the lesson. Imagine teaching a history topic and instantly gathering student opinions through live polls, or checking understanding in real time with AI-generated questions. It transforms the classroom into a two-way conversation rather than a one-way lecture.

What makes Curipod stand out is how intuitive and fast it is. You can input a topic, and the platform generates an entire interactive lesson within seconds. This includes discussion prompts, activities, and even reflection questions. For teachers pressed for time, this is a huge win it eliminates the need to build everything from scratch.

Another key strength is student engagement through anonymity. Students can respond without fear of judgment, which encourages participation from those who might otherwise stay silent. This creates a more inclusive learning environment where every voice can be heard.

Curipod also provides real-time insights into student understanding. You can instantly see which concepts are landing and which ones need reinforcement. This allows for on-the-spot adjustments, making teaching more responsive and effective.

In essence, Curipod doesn’t just help you teach it helps you connect. And in a world where attention spans are shrinking, that connection is what makes learning stick.

 Access Here: https://www.curipod.com

AI Tools for Grading and Assessment.

Gradescope for Automated Grading.

Grading is one of those tasks every teacher knows all too well it’s necessary, but it can quickly become overwhelming. Enter Gradescope, a tool designed to take the heavy lifting out of assessment while maintaining accuracy and consistency.

Gradescope uses AI to automate the grading process, particularly for assignments like quizzes, exams, and even handwritten work. Teachers can create answer keys and rubrics, and the system applies them across all submissions. What used to take hours can now be done in a fraction of the time, without sacrificing quality.

One of its standout features is grouping similar answers together. Instead of grading each response individually, Gradescope clusters similar answers, allowing teachers to evaluate them collectively. This not only speeds up grading but also ensures fairness and consistency across the board.

Another advantage is its ability to handle both digital and paper-based submissions. Teachers can scan handwritten assignments, and the AI will process them just like digital ones. This flexibility makes it suitable for a wide range of classroom settings.

Gradescope also provides detailed analytics. You can see which questions students struggled with, identify common misconceptions, and adjust your teaching accordingly. It turns grading into a feedback loop rather than just a final step.

Ultimately, Gradescope helps teachers shift their focus from repetitive grading tasks to more meaningful activities like providing personalized feedback and improving instruction.

Access Here: https://www.gradescope.com

Formative AI for Real-Time Feedback.

While Gradescope shines in post-assessment grading, Formative AI focuses on what happens during the learning process. It’s all about real-time feedback, which is arguably one of the most powerful ways to improve student outcomes.

Formative AI allows teachers to create assignments where student responses are analyzed instantly. As students work, the system provides feedback, hints, and guidance. This means students don’t have to wait until the next day or next week to understand their mistakes. Learning becomes immediate and continuous.

For teachers, this tool offers a live dashboard showing how students are performing in real time. You can see who’s struggling, who’s excelling, and who might need extra support. It’s like having a bird’s-eye view of your entire classroom at any given moment.

Another powerful feature is its ability to generate AI-assisted feedback. Instead of writing the same comments repeatedly, the system can suggest personalized responses based on student answers. This saves time while still maintaining a human touch.

Formative AI also encourages active learning. Students are more engaged when they receive instant feedback because it keeps them involved in the process. It turns learning into an interactive experience rather than a passive one.

In many ways, Formative AI represents a shift from traditional assessment to a more dynamic, responsive approach one where feedback isn’t delayed but integrated into the learning journey itself.

 Access Here: https://goformative.com

AI Tools for Teachers transforming education.

AI Tools for Student Engagement.

Kahoot AI Features.

If you’ve ever seen a classroom light up with excitement during a quiz, chances are Kahoot was involved. Now, with AI features integrated into the platform, it’s become even more powerful as a tool for engagement.

Kahoot uses AI to generate quizzes, questions, and interactive games based on your chosen topic. This eliminates the need to create everything manually, allowing teachers to focus on delivering the experience rather than building it from scratch.

What makes Kahoot particularly effective is its gamified approach. Students compete, earn points, and see their progress in real time. This taps into their natural motivation and makes learning feel less like a task and more like a game.

The AI also helps tailor content to different difficulty levels, ensuring that all students are challenged appropriately. It’s not just fun it’s purposeful.

Kahoot’s analytics provide insights into student performance, helping teachers identify gaps in understanding. This combination of engagement and data makes it one of the most effective AI tools for teachers looking to energize their classrooms.

Access Here: https://kahoot.com

Quizizz AI Enhancements.

Similar to Kahoot, Quizizz leverages AI to create engaging and interactive learning experiences. But it brings its own unique twist to the table.

Quizizz allows teachers to generate adaptive quizzes that adjust based on student performance. If a student struggles, the system provides easier questions and additional support. If they excel, it increases the challenge. This creates a personalized learning path within a shared activity.

One standout feature is its homework mode, where students can complete quizzes at their own pace. This flexibility is especially valuable in blended or remote learning environments.

The AI also helps with content creation, generating questions, explanations, and even memes to keep students entertained. Yes, memes because sometimes a little humor goes a long way in keeping students engaged.

Quizizz’s detailed reports give teachers a clear picture of student progress, making it easier to tailor future lessons. It’s not just about engagement it’s about meaningful engagement that drives learning outcomes.

 Access Here: https://quizizz.com

AI Writing Assistants for Teachers.

Grammarly for Professional Writing.

Clear communication sits at the heart of effective teaching, and that’s exactly where Grammarly proves its value. Whether you’re drafting emails to parents, preparing reports, or creating instructional materials, the way you present your ideas matters just as much as the ideas themselves. Grammarly acts like a second pair of eyes one that never gets tired and always catches the small details that can make a big difference.

At its core, Grammarly goes beyond simple spell-checking. It analyzes tone, clarity, engagement, and correctness, helping teachers refine their writing to match their intent. For example, when writing feedback for students, tone is everything. You want to be constructive, encouraging, and precise. Grammarly helps strike that balance by suggesting adjustments that make your feedback more impactful and easier to understand.

Another area where Grammarly shines is time efficiency. Teachers often find themselves rewriting the same types of messages whether it’s classroom updates, assignment instructions, or performance feedback. Grammarly speeds up this process by offering smart suggestions and even full-sentence rewrites. Over time, this can save hours that would otherwise be spent editing and revising.

There’s also a strong benefit for teachers working with multilingual students or in diverse environments. Grammarly ensures that communication remains clear and accessible, reducing misunderstandings and improving overall comprehension. It’s like having a built-in editor that ensures your message lands exactly the way you intended.

What makes Grammarly one of the most practical AI tools for teachers is its seamless integration. It works across emails, documents, and browsers, fitting naturally into your existing workflow. You don’t have to learn a new system it simply enhances what you’re already doing.

In a profession where communication shapes relationships and outcomes, Grammarly helps teachers present their ideas with confidence and clarity. And sometimes, that small boost in precision is all it takes to make a lasting impact.

Download Here: https://www.grammarly.com

Jasper AI for Content Creation.

While Grammarly refines your writing, Jasper AI takes things a step further by helping you create content from scratch. For teachers who regularly develop lesson materials, blog posts, newsletters, or even online courses, Jasper feels like a creative partner that never runs out of ideas.

Imagine needing to prepare a detailed worksheet, a classroom story, or an engaging introduction to a new topic. Instead of staring at a blank page, you can prompt Jasper with a few instructions and receive well-structured, creative content in seconds. It’s like jumpstarting your creativity whenever you hit a wall.

One of Jasper’s strengths is its ability to adapt to different tones and formats. Whether you want something formal, conversational, or even storytelling-based, the AI can adjust accordingly. This is particularly useful in education, where different contexts require different communication styles. A lesson plan isn’t written the same way as a student handout or a parent newsletter, and Jasper understands that nuance.

Teachers also use Jasper for content repurposing. For example, you can turn a detailed lesson into a simplified summary, create quiz questions from a reading passage, or generate discussion prompts from a topic. This versatility makes it an incredibly efficient tool for maximizing your existing materials.

However, like any AI tool, Jasper works best when guided by human insight. It provides the structure and ideas, but you bring the context and authenticity. When used together, the result is content that’s both efficient and meaningful.

In many ways, Jasper AI represents the creative side of AI in education helping teachers not just save time, but also explore new ways of presenting information that resonate with students.

 Access Here: https://www.jasper.ai

AI Tools for Personalized Learning.

DreamBox for Adaptive Math Learning.

Personalized learning has long been the goal of modern education, but achieving it consistently has always been a challenge. That’s where DreamBox comes in, offering a powerful example of how AI can tailor learning experiences to individual students especially in mathematics.

DreamBox uses AI to analyze how students interact with math problems in real time. It doesn’t just look at whether an answer is correct or incorrect; it examines how the student arrived at that answer. This deeper level of analysis allows the system to adapt lessons dynamically, providing support exactly where it’s needed.

For instance, if a student struggles with a specific concept, DreamBox will adjust by offering simpler problems, visual aids, or alternative explanations. On the flip side, if a student demonstrates mastery, the system introduces more challenging material to keep them engaged. It’s like having a personal tutor for every student in the classroom.

Teachers benefit from detailed insights and progress tracking. You can see which students are excelling, which ones need help, and what specific areas require attention. This makes it easier to plan targeted interventions and ensure no student falls behind.

Another key advantage is student confidence. When learning is tailored to their pace, students are less likely to feel overwhelmed or bored. They stay motivated because the material feels achievable yet challenging.

DreamBox exemplifies how AI tools for teachers can move beyond efficiency and into meaningful impact helping each student learn in a way that works best for them.

Access Here: https://www.dreambox.com

ScribeSense for Custom Feedback.

Feedback is one of the most powerful tools in education, but delivering it effectively and consistently can be incredibly time-consuming. ScribeSense addresses this challenge by using AI to streamline and enhance the feedback process.

ScribeSense allows teachers to digitize and analyze student work, including handwritten assignments. The AI can interpret responses, identify patterns, and even suggest feedback based on predefined criteria. This doesn’t replace the teacher’s voice it amplifies it by making feedback more scalable.

One of the standout features is its ability to provide customized feedback at scale. Instead of writing the same comments repeatedly, teachers can create feedback templates that the AI applies intelligently. This ensures consistency while still allowing for personalization.

The tool also offers valuable data insights. Teachers can identify trends across an entire class such as common mistakes or misunderstood concepts and address them proactively. It turns feedback into a strategic tool rather than just a reactive one.

For students, receiving timely and clear feedback makes a huge difference. It helps them understand not just what they got wrong, but why and how to improve. This kind of guidance is essential for long-term learning.

ScribeSense highlights an important aspect of AI in education: it’s not just about saving time, but about enhancing the quality of interactions between teachers and students.

AI Tools for Classroom Management.

ClassDojo AI Integration.

Managing a classroom involves much more than delivering lessons it’s about building a positive environment where students feel motivated and supported. ClassDojo, enhanced with AI features, helps teachers do exactly that.

ClassDojo allows teachers to track student behavior, participation, and engagement in a simple and visual way. With AI integration, the platform can identify patterns and provide insights into classroom dynamics. For example, it might highlight which students are consistently engaged or which ones may need additional encouragement.

One of its most valuable features is communication. Teachers can  share updates, photos, and messages with parents, keeping them involved in their child’s learning journey. The AI helps streamline this communication by suggesting messages and summarizing classroom activities.

ClassDojo also fosters a sense of community. Students can earn points for positive behavior, which reinforces good habits and creates a more supportive classroom culture. It turns classroom management into something proactive rather than reactive.

The platform’s simplicity is part of its strength. It doesn’t overwhelm teachers with complexity instead, it provides clear, actionable insights that make day-to-day management easier.

In essence, ClassDojo shows how AI tools for teachers can extend beyond academics and into the social and emotional aspects of learning.

Access Here: https://www.classdojo.com

TeachFX for Classroom Insights.

If you’ve ever wondered how much of your classroom time is spent talking versus listening, TeachFX provides the answer and much more. This AI-powered tool focuses on analyzing classroom interactions to improve teaching effectiveness.

TeachFX records and analyzes classroom audio to provide insights into teacher talk time, student participation, and engagement patterns. It’s like having a coach that observes your teaching and offers constructive feedback.

One of the most eye-opening metrics is the balance between teacher and student talk. Research suggests that increased student participation leads to better learning outcomes. TeachFX helps teachers adjust their approach to encourage more student voice.

The tool also identifies question types and discussion quality, helping teachers refine their questioning strategies. Are you asking open-ended questions? Are students engaging in meaningful discussions? TeachFX provides data-driven answers.

Over time, these insights can lead to significant improvements in teaching style and classroom dynamics. It’s not about criticism it’s about growth.

TeachFX represents a more reflective side of AI in education, where technology helps teachers understand and improve their own practices in a measurable way.

Access Here: https://www.teachfx.com

MagicSchool AI – All-in-One Teacher Toolkit.

Designed specifically for educators, MagicSchool AI offers 60+ tools.

Best For:

  • Lesson plans
  • IEP goals
  • Rubrics

Access Here: https://www.magicschool.ai

Canva Magic Studio  Visual Content Creator.

Canva helps create stunning teaching materials.

Best For:

  • Presentations
  • Posters
  • Infographics

Access Here: https://www.canva.com

Diffit – Reading & Content Simplifier.

Diffit adapts content for different reading levels.

Access Here: https://www.diffit.me

Challenges and Ethical Considerations of AI in Education.

Data Privacy Concerns.

As powerful as AI tools are, they come with important responsibilities especially when it comes to data privacy. Schools handle sensitive information about students, and any technology used in this space must prioritize security.

Many AI tools for teachers collect data to function effectively, whether it’s student performance, behavior, or interaction patterns. While this data enables personalization and insights, it also raises questions about how it’s stored, used, and protected.

Teachers and institutions need to ensure that the tools they use comply with privacy regulations and follow best practices for data security. This includes understanding what data is being collected and who has access to it.

Transparency is key. Students and parents should be aware of how their data is being used, and there should be clear policies in place to protect it.

AI in education offers incredible benefits, but those benefits must never come at the cost of trust.

Balancing AI with Human Teaching.

AI can enhance teaching, but it can’t replace the human connection that lies at the heart of education. Empathy, intuition, and relationship-building are qualities that technology simply cannot replicate.

There’s a risk of over-reliance on AI, where teachers might lean too heavily on automation and lose the personal touch that makes learning meaningful. The goal should always be balance using AI as a support system rather than a substitute.

Great teaching is about more than delivering content. It’s about inspiring curiosity, understanding individual needs, and creating a sense of belonging. AI can assist with these goals, but it can’t achieve them on its own.

The most effective approach is one where technology and human expertise work together, each complementing the other.

Future of AI in Education.

Emerging Trends.

The future of AI in education is evolving rapidly, and it’s full of possibilities. From virtual tutors to advanced learning analytics, the next wave of innovation promises to make education even more personalized and accessible.

One emerging trend is the use of AI-powered simulations and immersive learning experiences. These tools allow students to explore complex concepts in interactive ways, making learning more engaging and memorable.

Another trend is the integration of AI with augmented and virtual reality, creating environments where students can learn by doing rather than just observing.

As these technologies continue to develop, the role of AI in education will only grow stronger.

Preparing Teachers for AI Integration.

For AI to be truly effective, teachers need to feel confident and prepared to use it. This means providing training, resources, and support to help educators integrate AI into their workflows.

Professional development programs are increasingly focusing on digital literacy and AI skills, ensuring that teachers can make the most of these tools.

The goal isn’t to turn teachers into tech experts it’s to empower them with the knowledge and confidence to use AI effectively.

When teachers are equipped with the right tools and understanding, the potential of AI in education becomes limitless.

Conclusion.

AI is no longer a distant concept in education it’s a practical, powerful tool that’s already reshaping classrooms around the world. From lesson planning and grading to student engagement and personalized learning, the range of AI tools for teachers continues to expand, offering solutions that save time and enhance outcomes.

The real value of AI lies in how it supports teachers rather than replaces them. It handles repetitive tasks, provides insights, and opens up new possibilities, allowing educators to focus on what truly matters teaching, connecting, and inspiring.

As technology continues to evolve, the key will be finding the right balance leveraging AI’s capabilities while preserving the human elements that make education meaningful.

FAQs

1. What are the best AI tools for teachers in 2026?

Some of the top AI tools include ChatGPT, Grammarly, Curipod, Quizizz, Kahoot, Gradescope, and DreamBox. Each serves a different purpose, from lesson planning to student engagement and assessment.

2. Are AI tools safe to use in classrooms?

Most reputable tools follow strict data privacy guidelines, but it’s important for teachers and schools to review policies and ensure compliance with regulations before using them.

3. Can AI replace teachers in the future?

No, AI is designed to support teachers, not replace them. Human interaction, empathy, and creativity remain essential in education.

4. Are there free AI tools available for teachers?

Yes, many tools like ChatGPT, Grammarly, and Quizizz offer free versions with useful features for everyday teaching tasks.

5. How can teachers start using AI tools effectively?

Start with one or two tools that address your biggest challenges, learn their features gradually, and integrate them into your daily workflow.

AI Tools Comparison Table.

ToolBest ForKey FeaturePricing
MagicSchool AIAll-in-one teaching60+ toolsFree + Paid
ChatGPTContent generationConversational AIFree + Paid
CuripodEngagementInteractive lessonsFree + Paid
Eduaide.AICurriculum contentStandards alignmentAffordable
Quizizz AIAssessmentsAuto quiz generationFree + Paid
Canva Magic StudioDesignAI visualsFree for educators
DiffitReading supportLevel-based textFree

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *